Inspection-시험·관찰 및 측정수단 사용, 품질관리의 단계
- API (American Petroleum Institute)
Q 1 (Specification for quality programs)
6 A (Specification for wellhead equipments)
6 D (specification for pipeline valves)
6 FA (Specification for fire test for valves)
6 FC (Fire test for valves with selective backseats)
593 (Ductile iron plug valves, flanges ends)
598 (valve inspection and test)
599 (Steel plug valves, flanges anf but-welding
600 (Steel gate valves)
607 (fire test for soft-seated ball valves)
608 (Metal ball valves-flanged and but-welding ends)
609 (Butterfly valves)
RP6F (Recommended practice for fire test for valves)
- BSI (British Standards Institute)
592 (Carbon Steel Castings)
1414 (Steel wedge gate valves)
1868 (Steel check valves)
1873 (Steel globe and check valves)
2080 (Face to face, center to center, end to end dimension of valves)
3100 (Stainless Steel Castings)
4504 (Flange and bolting for pipes, valves and fittings)
5146 (inspection and test of steel valves for the petroleum. Petrochemical and allied industries)
5153 (cast iron check valves for general purpose)
5155 (Butterfly valves for general purpose)
5158 (Cost iron and steel plug valves for general purpose)
5351 (steel ball valves for the petroleum,petrochemical and allied industries)
5352 (Cast and forged steel for gate, globe, check and plug valves)
5353 (Specification for gate, check, globe and plug valves)
5158 (cast iron and cast steel plug valves for general purpose)
5159 (cast iron carbon steel ball valves for general purpose)
6364 (Valve for cryogenic service)
6755 Part 1 (Specification for production pressure testing requirements)
6755 Part 2 (Testing of valves, specification for fire type testing requirements)
MSS (Manufacturers Standardization Society of the valve and fittings industry)
SP-6 (Standard finishes system for valves)
SP-25 (Standard marking system for valves)
SP-44 (Steel pipe flanges)
SP-53 (quality standard for steel casting for valves, flanges and fittings and other piping components magnetic particle examination method)
SP-54 (quality standard for steel casting for valves, flanges and fittings and other piping components radiographic examination method)
SP-55 (quality standard for steel casting for valves, flanges and fittings and other piping components visual method)
SP-61 (pressure testing of steel valves)
SP-67 (Butterfly valves)
SP-72 (ball valves with flanged or buttwelding ends for general service)
SP-82 (Valve pressure testing methods)
SP-85 (cast iron glove and angle valves)
SP-91 (Guideline for manual operation of valves)
- SSPC (Steel structure painting council)
1-10 (Surface preparation specifications)
- AWWA(American water and wastewater works association)
C 500 (Metal seat of gate valves)
C 504 (Rubber seated butterfly valves)
C 606 (Grooved joints ends)
C 111 (Mechanical joints ends)
- DIN (Germany Standards)
1681 (Carbon Steel Castings)
1690 (Technical delivery conditions for casting of metallic materials)
2544-48 (Cast steel valves)
3840 (Bodies of valves, calculation)
3230 (Technical conditions of delivery for valves)
3202 (Face to face dimension)
50049.2.2/3.1 B (Certificates on materials tests)
- ISO (International Standards Organization)
9000/2000 (Quality system, model of quality assurance in design, development, production, installation and serving)
7172 (Flanged steel ball valves)
5208 (Industrial valves - pressure testing for valves)
5752 (Metal valve for use in flanges pipe systems)
2804 (Pipeline flange for general use)
5202 (General purpose industrial valves and marking)
5203 (Part-turn valve actuator attachment-top flange dimension)
5211 (Part-turn valve actuator attachment)
- EN (European National Standards)
10204 (Type of inspection documents)
- NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers)
MR 0175 (Sulfide stress cracking resistant materials)
- AWS (American welding Society)
- KS(Korean Standards)/JIS(Japan Industrial Standards)
A 3001 / JIS Z 8101 (품질관리용어)
B 0100 (밸브 용어)
B 0816 / JIS Z 2343(PT 시험방법 및 결함모양의 등급분류)
B 0817 / JIS Z 2344 (금속재료 Pulse 반사법에 의한 UT 시험방법)
B 0885 (용접기술 검정의 시험방법 및 판정기준)
B 0888 / JIS Z 3050 (pipeline 용접부의 비파괴 검사방법)
B 0896 / JIS Z 3060 (강용접부의 UT 시험방법 및 시험결과의 등급분류방법)
B 0845 / JIS Z 3104 (강용 법부의 RT 시험방법 및 투과사진의 등급분류방법)
B 2303 / JIS 2303 (밸브 검사)
B 2304 / JIS B2003 (밸브검사 통칙)
B 2305 (밸브의 호칭과 구멍지름)
B 2308 (볼 밸브)
B 2333 (수도용 버터플라이 밸브)
B 2361 (주강 플랜지형 밸브)
B 6231 (압력용기의 구조)
D 0213 / JIS G 0581 (철강재료의 MT 시험 방법 및 자분 결함 모양의 등급 분류)
D 0227 / JIS G 0581 (주강품의 RT 시험방법및 투과사진의 등급분류방법)
D 0237 / JIS Z 3106 (스테인레스강 용접부의 RT 시험방법및 투과사진의 등급분류방법)
D 3755 / JIS G 4107 (고온용 합금강 주강품)
D 4101 / JIS G5101 (탄소강 주강품)
D 4103 / JIS G5121 (스테인레스강 주강품)
2. 시험 및 검사의 정의
‘시험’과 ‘검사’용어는 KS A3001에 검사에 관한 정의는 있지만 양자의 사용 한계가 명확하지 않고 애매하게 사용되고 있는 것이 현재 실정이다. ANSI 에서는 검사에 관한 용어로서는 ‘Inspection’, ‘Examination’ 및 ‘Testing’ 의 정의가 명확하게 정해져 있으므로 참고로 아래에 언급토록 하겠다.
(1) ANSI N 45.2.10
1. Examination : 대상물이 지정된 요구사항에 적합한지 여부를 조사하는 검사의 한가지로, 통상 비파괴 상태로 행해지며 간단한 조작, 검량 및 측정을 포함하여 일컬음.
2. Inspection : 시험, 관찰 또는 측정의 수단을 사용해서 대상물에 미리 설정된 품질요구사항에 합치하는지를 판정하는 품질관리의 한 단계를 말함.
3. Testing : 대상물을 어느 물리적, 화학적, 환경 또는 작동조건 하에 두고 그 대상물의 성능이 지정요구사항에 합치하는지 의 판정 또는 검증을 말함.
(2) ANSI / ASME B 31.3
1. Examination : 부품제조자, 생산자 또는 Setting (조립)자가 행하는 품질관리 행위를 말함.
2. Inspection : 구매자의 검사원 또는 검사원의 대리자가 구매자를 위해 행하는 행위를 말함.
[저작권자ⓒ 이미디어. 무단전재-재배포 금지]
